WhatsApp Us

Marketplace or direct: a practical hiring guide

Hire a freelance developer the right way: marketplace, direct, or a small freelance team

Before you hire a freelance developer, decide where you will hire from, because that choice shapes the fees you pay, the protection you get and who ends up owning the work. This guide compares freelance marketplaces such as Upwork, Fiverr and Toptal with hiring a developer directly, shows how to vet and test candidates either way, and explains the costs. BtechWaleTech is three freelance developers in India you can hire directly, with websites from ₹10,000, apps from ₹40,000 and no platform fee in between. See also hiring a web developer for web-only projects.

  • Website from₹10,000 · US$150
  • Android & iOS app from₹40,000 · US$600
  • Custom software from₹60,000 · US$900
  • Platform feeNone; you pay the developers directly
  • QuoteItemised, about 2 working days
  • OwnershipCode, domain and store accounts are yours
  • Direct contact, no platform cut
  • Websites, apps, AI, data
  • Paid test task welcome
  • Itemised quote in 2 days
  • UPI, bank, Wise or PayPal
  • Code and accounts in your name

Three freelance developers · Remote from India · Working with founders, small businesses and teams in India and abroad

  • 3Freelance developers you can hire as one team
  • 0Marketplace commission on your payments
  • 2Working days to a written estimate
  • 7Days a week on WhatsApp, IST

The short answer

Should you hire a freelance developer on a platform or directly?

Use a platform when you need a small task done quickly by someone you will never work with again. Hire a freelance developer directly when the project matters, runs for weeks and needs ongoing support: you avoid platform fees, speak to the builder and set your own terms. BtechWaleTech takes direct projects with websites from ₹10,000 and apps from ₹40,000.

Hiring for a specific stack? See hiring a full stack developer or hiring a React developer.

Last updated

Hiring a freelance developer: the key facts
Two main routesFreelance marketplace, or direct hire through referral or search
Platform upsideLarge pool, reviews, built-in payment handling
Platform downsideFees on both sides, rules on contact, profile-only vetting
Direct upsideNo commission, your own terms, long-term relationship
Direct downsideYou do the vetting and contracting yourself
Safest first stepA small paid test task on a real piece of your project
Our starting pricesWebsite ₹10,000, app ₹40,000, software ₹60,000

Why choose us

Freelance marketplace, full-time hire or direct freelance team

Three ways to get a developer working on your project. Each suits a different kind of need.

Freelance marketplace, full-time hire or direct freelance team
What changes Freelance marketplace Full-time employee BtechWaleTech, hired directly
How you find them Search profiles, post a job, receive proposals Job ads, recruiters, notice periods Message us on WhatsApp or email
Fees Platform charges on client and freelancer sides Salary, benefits, equipment, office Project price only; no commission
Vetting Profile, ratings, your own interview Your full interview process Live work, a call with the builders, optional paid test
Payment protection Platform escrow and dispute process Payroll Staged payments against visible work
Contact rules Platforms restrict moving off-platform Unrestricted Unrestricted
Continuity One person; risky if they leave Good until they resign Three developers who share the code
Commitment Per task Long-term salary Per project, then optional maintenance
Best for Small one-off tasks Core product with constant work Defined projects plus ongoing support

If you need someone in your office every day, or a developer fully dedicated to your product for years, a salaried hire will suit you better than any freelancer, on a platform or off it.

Pricing

What it costs to hire a freelance developer directly

The table below lists starting prices for the projects people hire us for most. When you hire a freelance developer directly there is no marketplace commission added on your side or deducted on ours, so the quote is the whole cost of the work. What moves the figure is scope: the number of screens or pages, custom logic such as bookings or role-based access, integrations with payment, SMS or accounting systems, and content we need to write. You receive a line-by-line estimate in about two working days and nothing is billed until you approve it in writing. Overseas clients get the same estimate in USD.

Starting prices in INR and USD
ServiceIndia (INR)Worldwide (USD)Typical timelineWhat is included
Static website from ₹10,000 from US$150 1 to 2 weeks Up to 100 pages, Responsive design, Contact form and enquiry setup, Basic SEO tags and sitemap
SEO website (299+ pages) from ₹20,000 from US$300 3 to 5 weeks 299+ SEO pages, Keyword and page planning, Schema, sitemap, and internal linking, Design to deployment included
Ecommerce store from ₹50,000 from US$750 4 to 8 weeks Product and category pages, Payment gateway setup, Order and inventory basics, Performance tuning
Android & iOS app from ₹40,000 from US$600 6 to 10 weeks Android and iOS app (Flutter or React Native), Login, forms and push notifications, Admin panel and API connection, Google Play and App Store publishing
Custom web app or software from ₹60,000 from US$900 6 to 12 weeks Custom features and APIs, User accounts and roles, Admin panel, Deployment and handover
AI automation from ₹40,000 from US$600 2 to 4 weeks Workflow mapping, Tool and CRM integrations, AI agent or automation build, Testing and handover
Monthly SEO from ₹10,000/mo from US$150/mo Ongoing, monthly Technical fixes, On-page and content work, Local SEO and listings, Search Console reporting
Maintenance and support from ₹8,000/mo from US$120/mo Ongoing, monthly Content updates, Bug fixes, Backups and security checks, Speed and uptime checks

All prices are starting points, quoted in INR for India and USD for international clients, not fixed quotes. Final cost depends on the number of pages, features, integrations, content, and timelines. Share your requirement and you get an itemised estimate with nothing hidden. See full pricing.

What does it mean to hire a freelance developer?

To hire a freelance developer is to pay an independent professional to build or fix software for you, per project or per hour, without taking them onto your payroll. You get the skills for as long as the work lasts, and neither side owes the other a job afterwards.

“Developer” covers many roles. A web developer builds websites and online stores. An app developer ships Android and iOS apps. A back-end developer designs APIs and databases. A full stack developer handles all of it on smaller projects. AI and data developers connect language models, automate workflows and build dashboards. Name the role you need before you start searching, because a brilliant React developer may be the wrong person for a WordPress fix.

The second decision is where to hire. Broadly you can go through a freelance marketplace, where the platform introduces you, holds the money and sets the rules; or you can hire directly, where you find the developer through referral, search or their own site and agree terms between yourselves. Most of this guide is about choosing between those two routes and doing either one well.

How freelance platforms work when you hire a developer

Marketplaces make it easy to find someone fast. You post a job or browse profiles, receive proposals, chat inside the platform, and pay through it. The platform keeps the money until milestones are approved and offers a dispute process if things go wrong. In return it charges fees, usually on both the client and the freelancer side, and asks you to keep communication and payment on the platform.

The main platforms differ in style. Upwork and Freelancer.com are open marketplaces where you post jobs and compare bids. Fiverr sells packaged “gigs” at listed prices, which suits small, well-defined tasks. Toptal screens developers before listing them and matches you with a shortlist, at higher rates. Truelancer is an India-based marketplace, and Internshala is mainly used to hire students and interns.

Fees, rules and protections change, so read each platform’s current terms before you commit. The point is not that platforms are bad; they solve discovery and payment trust. The question is whether those services are worth their cost for your particular project.

Platform or direct: which way should you hire a freelance developer?

Choose by the size of the job and how long you expect to work together. A useful rule: the shorter and more disposable the task, the more a platform’s convenience is worth; the longer and more important the relationship, the more hiring directly pays off.

On a platform you pay for discovery and protection every single time, even with a developer you already trust. Once you have found someone good, many businesses move the relationship to a direct contract where the platform’s rules allow it. Hiring directly from the start skips that step but puts the vetting on you.

Hire on a platform when

The task is small and self-contained, such as fixing a form or converting a design to HTML; you have no network to ask; you want escrow on a first job with a stranger; or you need someone within hours.

Hire directly when

The project runs for weeks, needs maintenance afterwards, involves your customer data or business logic, or you want to speak freely with the builders and choose your own payment and contract terms.

Hire an employee when

There is full-time work for years, the code is your core product, and you can offer a salary, equipment and management time.

How to hire a freelance developer, step by step

Whichever route you choose, the steps are the same. Skipping any of them is where most hiring stories go wrong.

  • Define the outcome. What should exist when the work is done, and how will you know it works?
  • Write a one-page brief. Goal, users, features, examples, deadline, budget band.
  • Shortlist three candidates. From referrals, a platform search or developers’ own sites.
  • Read their replies closely. Good developers ask questions before quoting.
  • Check real work. Live links or apps in the stores, opened on your own phone.
  • Talk on video. Twenty minutes with the person who will build, not a salesperson.
  • Run a paid test. A small, real slice of the project with a clear deadline.
  • Agree in writing. Scope, price per stage, timeline, ownership, support.
  • Set up access in your name. Domain, hosting, repository, store accounts.
  • Start with a weekly rhythm. Demo on staging, written notes, next steps.

For a deeper look at interview questions for web roles, see how to hire a web developer.

Writing a brief that attracts the right freelance developer

A good brief filters candidates for you. Vague posts such as “need developer for app, urgent” attract hundreds of copy-paste replies. Specific ones attract fewer, better people and make their quotes comparable.

Keep it to a page. Say what the business does in two lines, who will use the software, and what it must let them do. List must-have features separately from nice-to-haves. Link two or three products you like and say why. State your deadline and whether it is fixed by a real event, such as a trade fair or admissions season. Give a budget band; developers use it to propose a sensible scope rather than guess.

A trick that works on platforms and by email alike: ask applicants to start their reply with a specific word or to answer one question about your brief. Anyone who skips it has not read your post, and you can set them aside in seconds.

How do you check a freelance developer before hiring?

Check what they have shipped, how they think and how they communicate. Ratings on a platform help, but a five-star history of small gigs says little about whether someone can run a six-week build.

Ask for three pieces of live work related to your project and open them yourself. For websites, use a phone on mobile data and run one page through PageSpeed Insights. For apps, install them from Google Play or the App Store. Then ask what the developer personally built on each, what went wrong and what they would change today. Honest answers about mistakes are a good sign.

If you are technical, ask for a short code sample or a screen-share walkthrough of a repository. If you are not, ask them to explain one decision in plain words, such as why they chose a database or framework. A developer who can explain clearly to you will usually write code that the next developer can follow.

The paid test task: the best predictor before you hire

A paid test task shows you in a few days what months of interviews cannot. Pick a real, small slice of your project, such as a home page layout, one API endpoint or a login screen, and pay for it at a fair rate. Unpaid tests put off experienced developers and tell you little.

Judge three things. Did the result match the brief, and did they ask when something was unclear? Did they deliver when they said, or tell you early about a delay? Is the work structured so someone else could pick it up? The code or design itself matters, but communication under a deadline predicts the rest of the project better.

We are happy to start with a paid first milestone before a larger build. It lets you see how our three developers work, and it keeps the commitment small on both sides until trust exists.

How much does it cost to hire a freelance developer?

It depends on the type of work far more than on the person. With BtechWaleTech a static website starts at ₹10,000 (US$150), an online store at ₹50,000, an Android and iOS app at ₹40,000, custom software at ₹60,000 and AI automation at ₹40,000. Every figure is a starting price; your itemised quote shows what lifts it.

Across India and on platforms, quotes for the same brief vary widely. Hourly rates reward slow work and make budgets hard to predict; project pricing rewards clear scope. For defined builds, ask for a project quote split into stages. For open-ended support, an hourly or monthly arrangement is fine as long as you get a log of what was done.

On a marketplace remember to add the platform’s client fee to what you see on a proposal, and remember the freelancer is paying a fee too, which is often built into their rate. Hiring directly removes both. See freelance developer rates and app development cost in India for more detail.

Contracts and payments when you hire a freelancer directly

Without a platform in the middle, the written agreement and the payment schedule are your protection, so make both explicit. The agreement can be a short document or a detailed email that both sides confirm. It should cover scope, price per stage, timeline, what “accepted” means, ownership of code and content, and support after launch.

Tie payments to things you can see. A typical pattern is an advance to start, one or two stage payments as designs and working features appear on a staging link, and the balance at launch. Avoid paying everything upfront, and be equally wary of a developer who works for weeks with no payment at all; it rarely ends well for either side.

In India we accept UPI or bank transfer; overseas clients pay by Wise, bank wire or PayPal. Anything project-specific, such as NDAs or special terms, is written into the approved quote, and our standard terms are on the terms page.

Who owns the work when you hire a freelance developer?

You should, and it is easiest to guarantee that by setting up accounts in your name before any work begins. Register the domain yourself, open hosting on your own card, create the code repository under your account, and for apps, open your own Google Play Console and Apple Developer accounts. The developer is added as a user, never the owner.

This protects you whatever happens: a falling-out, a developer who moves abroad, a long illness. You simply remove their access and invite someone else. It also makes hiring the next developer faster, because everything is already where they need it.

At the end of each project we hand over a list of every account, login and renewal date, plus a short document on how to run and deploy the code. You should ask any freelancer for the same.

Red flags to watch for when hiring a freelance developer

Most bad hires announce themselves early if you know what to look for. Treat any two of these as a reason to keep looking.

  • A price sent within minutes, with no questions about your goals
  • Portfolio as screenshots only, or links that do not open
  • Insists on registering the domain or store account in their own name
  • Asks for the full amount upfront, or payment to a third party’s account
  • Promises first-page Google rankings or a guaranteed number of downloads
  • Cannot explain their past work in simple words
  • Pushes you to use pirated themes or plugins to cut cost
  • Goes silent for days without warning during a test task

Nobody can guarantee search rankings or app store success. What a good developer can promise is a clear scope, visible progress and work you own.

Working with a freelance developer after you hire them

Hiring is half the job; the other half is making it easy for the developer to do good work. Name one person on your side who answers questions and approves work. Two people giving conflicting feedback slows any freelancer down.

Agree the channels. We use WhatsApp for quick questions, email for approvals and a staging link for anything visual. A short written update at the end of each working day and a weekly demo keep both sides aligned without long meetings.

Give feedback in batches, against the brief. “The pricing section is missing the annual plan” is actionable; “make it pop” is not. When you add something new mid-project, expect it to be quoted as a change rather than absorbed quietly. That keeps the timeline honest.

Example: a founder deciding where to hire a freelance developer

This is a hypothetical example. A founder in Pune runs a small skincare brand selling through Instagram and WhatsApp. She wants an online store with UPI checkout, and later an app for repeat customers.

She first tries a marketplace. Within a day she has forty proposals, most generic. Two look promising; one quotes very low and wants the full amount upfront, the other asks sensible questions but works alone and cannot take on the app. The platform fees on both sides also add up across a store and an app.

She then asks two founder friends for referrals and finds a small team she can hire directly. She sends her one-page brief, gets an itemised estimate, pays for a first milestone (the product page design on staging), likes what she sees and approves the full store. The domain, hosting and payment account are in her company’s name from the start. When the app comes up six months later, the same people build it on top of the store’s product data.

Neither route was wrong. The marketplace helped her understand the market; hiring directly suited a long relationship.

Freelance developer kaise hire karein? Simple Hinglish mein

Sabse pehle ek page ka brief likhiye: aapka business kya karta hai, website ya app mein kya-kya chahiye, koi example jo pasand ho, deadline aur budget. Phir teen developers se baat kijiye aur dekhiye kaun sawaal poochta hai, kaun seedha rate bata deta hai.

Unka live kaam apne phone par khol kar dekhiye. Chhota paid test task dijiye. Domain, hosting aur Play Store account hamesha apne naam par rakhiye. Payment stages mein kijiye, poora paisa pehle mat dijiye. BtechWaleTech ke saath website ₹10,000 se aur app ₹40,000 se shuru hoti hai, aur quote lagbhag do working days mein milta hai.

Hire a freelance developer anywhere in India

You do not need a developer in your own city. Almost every step of a software project, from the brief to the launch, happens on calls, chat and staging links. We work remotely with clients in every state, and our city pages describe what local businesses usually hire developers for.

Examples: IT firms and startups around Technopark in Thiruvananthapuram, traders and institutes in Hubli-Dharwad, logistics businesses in Nagpur, engineering suppliers in Vadodara, schools in Dehradun, restaurants and retailers in Lucknow, coaching institutes in Patna, tea traders in Guwahati and rice mills in Raipur. For the national view see India; for foreign clients, see countries we serve.

Compare

Freelance platforms vs hiring a developer directly

Platform terms change often, so check each one’s current fees and rules before you post a job.

Freelance platforms vs hiring a developer directly
FactorMarketplace (Upwork, Fiverr, Freelancer.com)Screened network (Toptal)Direct hire
Speed to first candidates HoursDays, after a matching callDays, through referrals or search
Who vets You, using profiles and ratingsThe network screens firstYou, using live work and a test task
Fees Charged on both sidesBuilt into higher ratesNone beyond the agreed price
Payment protection Escrow and disputesHandled by the networkStaged payments and a written agreement
Freedom of contact Restricted by platform rulesThrough the networkComplete
Best for Small, quick, one-off tasksSenior specialists with a larger budgetProjects that need a long-term relationship

Costs

What it costs to hire a freelance developer for common projects

Starting prices; your quote is itemised. See the pricing page for what each plan includes.

What it costs to hire a freelance developer for common projects
You want to hireForFrom (India)From (abroad)Typical timeline
Web developer Business website, up to 100 pages₹10,000US$1501–2 weeks
SEO web developer SEO site with 299+ pages₹20,000US$3003–5 weeks
Ecommerce developer Online store with UPI and cards₹50,000US$7504–8 weeks
App developer Android and iOS app₹40,000US$6006–10 weeks
Full stack developer Portal, SaaS tool or admin panel₹60,000US$9006–12 weeks
AI developer Automation or AI agent₹40,000US$6002–4 weeks
Maintenance developer Monthly care after 2 free months₹8,000/moUS$120/moMonthly

Checklist

Questions to ask before you hire a freelance developer

Use these on the first call. Good answers are specific; weak ones are vague or evasive.

Questions to ask before you hire a freelance developer
AskListen forBe careful if
What exactly did you build on this project? Named parts, honest limitsThey claim all of a large team’s work
How would you approach my brief? Questions, options, trade-offsAn instant price, no questions
Whose name will the accounts be in? Yours, from day one“We will transfer later”
How will I see progress? Staging link, regular updates“We will show you at the end”
What happens if you are unavailable? A named backup who knows the codeNo plan
What support do you give after launch? A defined period and a monthly option“Just call me”
Can we start with a paid test? Yes, with a clear deliverableRefusal or a demand for full payment

Hire from anywhere

Businesses across India that hire a freelance developer from us

We work remotely with every state. These city pages describe what local businesses usually need built.

How it works

What happens when you hire us directly

  1. You share the need

    Send a one-page brief or a voice note on WhatsApp. Say what you want built, by when, and roughly what you can spend. We reply with questions, not a rushed number.

  2. We send an itemised estimate

    In about two working days you get each feature or page priced as a separate line, with stages and timeline. You trim or add lines before anything is agreed.

  3. Optional paid first milestone

    If you want proof first, we start with a small real piece of the project on a staging link, so you judge our work before committing the full budget.

  4. Accounts go in your name

    Domain, hosting, repository and store accounts are opened by you or with you on a call. We work as invited users throughout.

  5. Build with weekly demos

    You see progress on staging, receive short written updates and give feedback in one place. New requests are quoted as changes so the plan stays honest.

  6. Launch and two free months

    We launch, hand over logins and documentation, and cover fixes and small changes free for two months. After that, maintenance is optional.

Questions

Hiring a freelance developer: common questions

Where is the best place to hire a freelance developer?

It depends on the job. Marketplaces such as Upwork, Fiverr and Freelancer.com suit quick, small tasks; screened networks such as Toptal suit senior specialists with a larger budget; referrals and direct contact suit projects where you want a long-term relationship and no platform fees. For most business websites, apps and custom tools, hiring directly after a paid test task works well.

How much does it cost to hire a freelance developer in India?

Costs depend on what you are building. With BtechWaleTech a website starts at ₹10,000, an online store at ₹50,000, an Android and iOS app at ₹40,000, custom software at ₹60,000 and AI automation at ₹40,000. All are starting prices. You receive an itemised quote first, and nothing is billed until you approve it in writing.

Is it better to hire a freelance developer on Upwork or directly?

Upwork gives you a large pool, reviews and payment escrow, but charges fees and asks you to keep contact on the platform. Hiring directly saves those fees and lets you set your own terms, but you must vet and contract carefully yourself. Many businesses use a platform for a first small task and hire directly for longer projects.

How do I hire a freelance developer safely?

Write a clear brief, check live work on your own devices, talk to the person who will build, and start with a small paid test. Put the scope, price, stages and ownership in writing. Register the domain, hosting, repository and store accounts in your own name, and pay in stages tied to work you can see on a staging link.

What should I ask a freelance developer before hiring?

Ask what they personally built on past projects, how they would approach your brief, whose name accounts will be in, how you will see progress, what happens if they are unavailable, and what support they give after launch. Listen for specific, honest answers. Vague replies or instant quotes without questions are warning signs.

Should I give a freelance developer a test task?

Yes, but pay for it. A small, real piece of your project, such as one screen or one page, shows how the developer communicates, handles unclear points and meets deadlines. Unpaid tests put off experienced people and tell you less. A paid first milestone also keeps the risk small for both sides.

How long does it take to hire a freelance developer?

On a marketplace you can have proposals within hours. Hiring directly usually takes a few days: a brief, a couple of calls, an estimate and perhaps a short paid test. BtechWaleTech sends an itemised estimate in about two working days after understanding your brief, and work can begin once you approve it in writing.

Can I hire a freelance developer for a long-term project?

Yes. Many clients start with a defined build and continue with monthly maintenance. BtechWaleTech includes two months of free maintenance after launch, and ongoing care starts at ₹8,000/mo after that. For continuous development work, a monthly arrangement can be agreed in the written quote, with a log of the work done each month.

What is the difference between a freelance developer and an agency?

A freelance developer or small freelance team works directly with you, with fewer layers and usually lower overheads. An agency has account managers, several departments and more people to scale up, at higher cost. Freelancers suit defined projects where direct contact matters; agencies suit very large programmes or strict procurement requirements.

Who owns the code when I hire a freelancer?

You should own it. Agree in writing that code and content made for your project belong to you once paid for, and keep the repository in your own account from the start. BtechWaleTech sets up domain, hosting, repository and app store accounts in the client’s name and hands over every login and a short technical document at launch.

Do I need a contract to hire a freelance developer?

You need written terms, even if they are a detailed email both sides confirm. Cover scope, price per stage, timeline, acceptance, ownership and support. Off-platform, these terms and a staged payment plan replace the protection a marketplace would give you. Project-specific terms with BtechWaleTech are written into the approved quote; our general terms are on the site.

How do I pay a freelance developer in India?

In India, BtechWaleTech accepts UPI or bank transfer; clients abroad pay by Wise, bank wire or PayPal. Payments are split into stages linked to visible progress: an advance to begin, stage payments as work appears on staging, and the balance at launch. Always pay an account that matches the name on the invoice.

Can one freelance developer build both my website and app?

Some can. BtechWaleTech is three developers covering web, Android and iOS apps, back-end systems and AI automation, so the same people can build a website from ₹10,000 and an app from ₹40,000 that share data and logins. That saves you explaining the business twice and keeps the design consistent.

What are the red flags when hiring a freelance developer?

Be careful if someone quotes instantly without questions, shows only screenshots, wants the domain or store account in their own name, asks for full payment upfront or into someone else’s account, promises guaranteed rankings or downloads, or disappears during a test task. Two or more of these signs are a good reason to keep looking.

Can I hire a freelance developer near me instead of online?

You can, but location matters less than evidence and process. Remote developers share staging links, join video calls and reply on chat, often faster than arranging office visits. BtechWaleTech works remotely with clients across India and abroad and does not make on-site visits, so we suit clients who are comfortable working online.

Will a freelance developer maintain my project after launch?

Ask before hiring, because terms differ widely. BtechWaleTech includes two months of free maintenance after launch for fixes, updates and small changes. After that, maintenance starts at ₹8,000/mo if you want it, or you can take the handover documents and manage the project yourself or with another developer.

Can foreign clients hire a freelance developer from India directly?

Yes. BtechWaleTech works with clients in the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, the UAE and Singapore, quotes in USD with websites from US$150, and accepts Wise, bank wire or PayPal. We agree an overlap window for calls and keep everything else in writing, with your code in your own repository.

Freelance developer hire karne mein kitna kharcha aata hai?

BtechWaleTech ke saath website ₹10,000 se, online store ₹50,000 se aur Android-iOS app ₹40,000 se shuru hota hai. Final kharcha features aur pages par depend karta hai. Pehle itemised quote milta hai, approval ke baad hi payment hota hai, koi platform fee nahi lagti, aur launch ke baad 2 mahine maintenance free hai.

Next step

Want to hire a freelance developer without platform fees?

Send your brief on WhatsApp or email. You will get an itemised estimate in about two working days, with websites from ₹10,000, apps from ₹40,000, accounts in your name and two months of free maintenance after launch.